This episode poses the question: How might Middle East affairs be different if US-Iran relations were normalized, starting with agreement to revitalize the 2015 nuclear deal? If the deal is renewed, opportunities may exist to confront difficult regional issues such as nuclear weapons acquisition, Yemen's civil war, and Israel-Iran hostility. Some analysts believe the ayatollah needs an American enemy, but he agreed to the deal in 2015--and the new deal is just as advantageous for the US as the previous one.